JsExt

function _try<E = Error, R = any, A extends any[] = any[]>(
    fn: (...args: A) => R,
    ...args: A
): [E | null, R];
function _try<E = Error, R = any, A extends any[] = any[]>(
    fn: (...args: A) => Promise<R>,
    ...args: A
): Promise<[E | null, R]>;

const [err, res] = _try(() => {
    // do something that may fail
});

let [err, res] = await _try(async () => {
    return await axios.get("https://example.org");
});

if (err) {
    res = (err as any)["response"];
}

function _try<E = Error, R = any>(job: Promise<R>): Promise<[E | null, R]>;

let [err, res] = await _try(axios.get("https://example.org"));

if (err) {
    res = (err as any)["response"];
}

function _try<E = Error, T = any, A extends any[] = any[], TReturn = any, TNext = unknown>(
    fn: (...args: A) => Generator<T, TReturn, TNext>,
    ...args: A
): Generator<[E | null, T], [E | null, TReturn], TNext>;
function _try<E = Error, T = any, A extends any[] = any[], TReturn = any, TNext = unknown>(
    fn: (...args: A) => AsyncGenerator<T, TReturn, TNext>,
    ...args: A
): AsyncGenerator<[E | null, T], [E | null, TReturn], TNext>;

const iter = _try(function* () {
    // do something that may fail
});

for (const [err, val] of iter) {
    if (err) {
        console.error("something went wrong:", err);
    } else {
        console.log("current value:", val);
    }
}

const iter = _try(async function* () {
    // do something that may fail
});

for await (const [err, val] of iter) {
    if (err) {
        console.error("something went wrong:", err);
    } else {
        console.log("current value:", val);
    }
}

function _try<E = Error, T = any, TReturn = any, TNext = unknown>(
    gen: Generator<T, TReturn, TNext>
): Generator<[E | null, T], [E | null, TReturn], TNext>;
function _try<E = Error, T = any, TReturn = any, TNext = unknown>(
    gen: AsyncGenerator<T, TReturn, TNext>
): AsyncGenerator<[E | null, T], [E | null, TReturn], TNext>;

const iter = Number.sequence(1, 10);

for (const [err, val] of _try(iter)) {
    if (err) {
        console.error("something went wrong:", err);
    } else {
        console.log("current value:", val);
    }
}

async function* gen() {
    // do something that may fail
};

for await (const [err, val] of _try(gen())) {
    if (err) {
        console.error("something went wrong:", err);
    } else {
        console.log("current value:", val);
    }
}

function func<T, R = any, A extends any[] = any[]>(
    fn: (this: T, defer: (cb: () => void) => void, ...args: A) => R
): (this: T, ...args: A) => R;

const getVersion = func(async (defer) => {
    const file = await fs.open("./package.json", "r");
    defer(() => file.close());

    const content = await file.readFile("utf8");
    const pkg = JSON.parse(content);

    return pkg.version as string;
});

function wrap<T, Fn extends (this: T, ...args: any[]) => any>(
    fn: Fn,
    wrapper: (this: T, fn: Fn, ...args: Parameters<Fn>) => ReturnType<Fn>
): Fn

function log(text: string) {
    console.log(text);
}

const show = wrap(log, function (fn, text) {
    return fn.call(this, new Date().toISOString() + " " + text);
});

console.log(show.name); // log
console.log(show.length); // 1
console.assert(show.toString() === log.toString());

function throttle<T, Fn extends (this: T, ...args: any[]) => any>(
    handler: Fn,
    duration: number
): Fn;
function throttle<T, Fn extends (this: T, ...args: any[]) => any>(handler: Fn, options: {
    duration: number;
    /**
     * Use the throttle strategy `for` the given key, this will keep the result in a global
     * cache, binding new `handler` function for the same key will result in the same result
     * as the previous, unless the duration has passed. This mechanism guarantees that both
     * creating the throttled function in function scopes and overwriting the handler are
     * possible.
     */
    for?: any;
}): Fn;

const fn = throttle((input: string) => input, 1_000);
console.log(fn("foo")); // foo
console.log(fn("bar")); // foo

await Promise.sleep(1_000);
console.log(fn("bar")); // bar

const out1 = await throttle(() => Promise.resolve("foo"), { duration: 1_000, for: "example" })();
console.log(out1); // foo

const out2 = await throttle(() => Promise.resolve("bar"), { duration: 1_000, for: "example" })();
console.log(out2); // foo

await Promise.sleep(1_000);
const out3 = await throttle(() => Promise.resolve("bar"), { duration: 1_000, for: "example" })();
console.log(out3); // bar

function mixins<T extends Constructor<any>, M extends any[]>(
    base: T,
    ...mixins: { [X in keyof M]: Constructor<M[X]> }
): T & Constructor<UnionToIntersection<FlatArray<M, 1>>>;
function mixins<T extends Constructor<any>, M extends any[]>(
    base: T,
    ...mixins: M
): T & Constructor<UnionToIntersection<FlatArray<M, 1>>>;

class Log {
    log(text: string) {
        console.log(text);
    }
}

class View {
    display(data: Record<string, any>[]) {
        console.table(data);
    }
}

class Controller extends mixins(View, Log) {
    constructor(readonly topic: string) {
        super();
    }
}

const ctrl = new Controller("foo");
ctrl.log("something is happening");
ctrl.display([{ topic: ctrl.topic, content: "something is happening" }]);

console.assert(isSubclassOf(Controller, View));
console.assert(!isSubclassOf(Controller, Log));

function isSubclassOf<T, B>(ctor1: Constructor<T>, ctor2: Constructor<B>): boolean;

class Moment extends Date {}

console.assert(isSubclassOf(Moment, Date));
console.assert(isSubclassOf(Moment, Object)); // all classes are subclasses of Object

function read<I extends AsyncIterable<any>>(iterable: I): I;
function read(es: EventSource, options?: { event?: string; }): AsyncIterable<string>;
function read<T extends Uint8Array | string>(ws: WebSocket): AsyncIterable<T>;
function read<T>(target: EventTarget, eventMap?: {
    message?: string;
    error?: string;
    close?: string;
}): AsyncIterable<T>;
function read<T>(target: NodeJS.EventEmitter, eventMap?: {
    data?: string;
    error?: string;
    close?: string;
}): AsyncIterable<T>;

// listen to the `onmessage`
const sse = new EventSource("/sse/message");

for await (const msg of read(sse)) {
    console.log("receive message:", msg);
}

// listen to a specific event
const channel = new EventSource("/sse/broadcast");

for await (const msg of read(channel, { event: "broadcast" })) {
    console.log("receive message:", msg);
}

const ws = new WebSocket("/ws");

for await (const data of read(ws)) {
    if (typeof data === "string") {
        console.log("receive text message:", data);
    } else {
        console.log("receive binary data:", data);
    }
}

for await (const msg of read(self)) {
    console.log("receive message from the parent window:", msg);
}

for await (const msg of read(process)) {
    console.log("receive message from the parent process:", msg);
}

function run<T, A extends any[] = any[]>(script: string, args?: A, options?: {
    /** If not set, invoke the default function, otherwise invoke the specified function. */
    fn?: string;
    /** Automatically abort the task when timeout (in milliseconds). */
    timeout?: number;
    /**
     * Instead of dropping the worker after the task has completed, keep it alive so that it can
     * be reused by other tasks.
     */
    keepAlive?: boolean;
    /**
     * Choose whether to use `worker_threads` or `child_process` for running the script.
     * The default setting is `worker_threads`.
     * 
     * In browser or Deno, this option is ignored and will always use the web worker.
     */
    adapter?: "worker_threads" | "child_process";
    /**
     * In browser, by default, the program loads the worker entry directly from GitHub,
     * which could be slow due to poor internet connection, we can copy the entry file
     * `bundle/worker-web.mjs` to a local path of our website and set this option to that path
     * so that it can be loaded locally.
     * 
     * Or, if the code is bundled, the program won't be able to automatically locate the entry
     * file in the file system, in such case, we can also copy the entry file
     * (`bundle/worker.mjs` for Node.js and Bun, `bundle/worker-web.mjs` for browser and Deno)
     * to a local directory and supply this option instead.
     */
    workerEntry?: string;
}): Promise<{
    workerId: number;
    /** Terminates the worker and abort the task. */
    abort(): Promise<void>;
    /** Retrieves the return value of the function that has been called.. */
    result(): Promise<T>;
    /** Iterates the yield value if the function returns a generator. */
    iterate(): AsyncIterable<T>;
}>;

const job1 = await run("./job-example.mjs", ["World"]);
console.log(await job1.result()); // Hello, World

const job2 = await run<string, [string[]]>("./job-example.mjs", [["foo", "bar"]], {
    fn: "sequence",
});
for await (const word of job2.iterate()) {
    console.log(word);
    // Output:
    // foo
    // bar
}

function example<T, A extends any[] = any[]>(
    fn: (this: T, console: Console, ...args: A) => void | Promise<void>,
    options?: {
        /** Suppress logging to the terminal and only check the output. */
        suppress?: boolean;
    }
): (this: T, ...args: A) => Promise<void>;

it("should output as expected", example(console => {
    console.log("Hello, World!");
    // output:
    // Hello, World!
}));